[pick to] the private enterprise's oldest management in our country is not only the economic phenomenon, but also a political and cultural phenomenon, is not the result of design which policymakers subjective, but club will culture the result of natural selection. This article through to our country enterprise management mode and influence they model changes the analysis of the factors, and proposes a complete modern enterprise system, the second form of modern enterprise system, machinery-electronics intergration mode, maintain the family mode of development mode of several Suggestions.
[key words] they; Management mode; trend
The so-called family enterprise, according to Harvard University China
A, family enterprise and management methods of evolution
Family enterprise system is varied, both have all ownership, also have family holdings, including absolutely holding and relative holding. From the evolution of the family enterprise see, the family business is a very old and vital enterprise organization form, its development and changes generally can be summarized as four stages:
1. The original family enterprise stage. Management way for personal business, mostly performance "already poor Chinese gotten even Po orer", brother partnership and other forms.
2. Pure family enterprise stage. Managers for families with a performance relative to the founders as the core, entrepreneurs in senior management positions, the second job bear by family members.
3. The family enterprise stage. Managers constitute main performance for family members and professional managers.
4. Modern family enterprise stage. The choice of the operator, form the right of management of external; Stock and equity incentive system will, form the externalization of ownership. But as a family enterprise, the family still keep on property rights and the right of management absolute or relative control. Then the family enterprise has finished in narrow to evolutionary process of generalized.
For the growth of the family enterprise and transformation, Beijing university of technology, professor of Chinese private enterprise research center director dr liu green in the west that no ready-made mode to copy. In China
Second, our oldest enterprises management model evaluation
The so-called enterprise management mode, is actually in the enterprise influence enterprise management system of the most basic factors, each of these key factors is enterprise of different, it is these key factors of each are not identical to make different enterprise in the management system of the different characters. Management mode is with the development of The Times and constant change. China's oldest enterprises produce in China modern society, which due to the effects of the event of major political history, has produced some degree of discontinuous. More consistent opinion, at this stage of China's oldest private enterprise produced in 1978, with the orientation of market reform and the rapid development, and experience the illegal, the default, legalized three phases, is playing status, added status, such as an important part of three roles. This system on the environment promotes the development of family enterprises, on the other hand also restricted the family enterprise of reasonable structure and healthy growth.
1. The oldest management mode to promote the development and expansion of the private enterprise. After nearly 30 years of development, our part private enterprises have completed the primitive accumulation of capital, started to enter for the key stage of scale economic benefit. On the private enterprise of popular fam trad and economy of scale, the contradiction between the enterprise competitiveness and has gradually come out. Many people in the refining and abstract China's family enterprise management of the teaching of the losers, pointing at the the managing system, but can not deny that in the past 30 next year, it is this management mode that private enterprises get such rapid development, because of the small business enterprise, often asked for a simple management mode with suitable, the family business enterprise internal natural cohesion and solidarity between management and enterprise tacit understanding, the advantage in the enterprise the beginning of foundation would no doubt to enterprise's development and management in which great impetus, promote enterprise's growing.
2. The oldest management mode is the social culture the result of natural selection. We think they should stick to the business model of the evaluation of the materialist dialectics method, analysis management mode shall they from the development track of the private enterprise and the system arrangement, etc to look at the history, traditional culture idea is family enterprise and the oldest management are important reasons, China's reform and opening up the basic national conditions after and system environment is the oldest management enterprise of reasonable results. In a way, our country's oldest private enterprise management is not just economic phenomenon, but also a political and cultural phenomenon, of the family of the private enterprises in our country characteristic not the result of design which policymakers subjective, but social culture the result of natural selection is to adapt the system resources of the changes, the system environment and cultural concept of the combined action of the results.
3. The oldest management mode the current management problems. No matter in the current private enterprise business they still up much of the positive role, its defects already is not allow to neglect, although the current and the development of space, but family enterprise to can continue to keep the good momentum of development, must emphatically resolve the following a few outstanding problems: (1) establish a standardized management mechanism. Explore family businesses generally acquired during the short reasons, lack of standardization of operation and management mechanism is the main problem; (2) the effective integration of social capital. Especially with social financial capital and social human capital of fusion. (3) build the enterprise culture. Culture is the internal organs of the body precipitation in enterprise and energy, although it can't directly creates value, but can through the cycle of cohesion and fission process promotes the enterprise the centripetal force, many of the failure of the family enterprise is not so much the failure of the management should be called the failure of the culture.
Three, enterprise management mode of the transformation of the analysis of influence factors
China academy of director of center of private enterprise ZhangHouYi professor noted that: "for corporations, it will only choice on it the lowest cost model for enterprise, management cost and the lowest cost of decision-making model is the best mode." So, we think the enterprise management mode in the choice of should consider the following factors:
1. The management concept of quality and managers. Enterprise to on modern management way, and get better development, it is necessary to deal with the leaders of personal authority and perfect management system, the relationship between the deal with the relationship between centralization and decentralization. If the operator to ignore knowledge update, lack of points to the future way of thinking and the strategic positioning, not a broader view and long-term planning, enterprise to transfers, it is hard to.
2. The size of the enterprise. When enterprise scale more hours, because of its simple structure, need to handle less problems, parents can do top management positions. When enterprise larger scale, as the organization structure is more complex, increased difficulties of management, parents may not competent for top management positions, then can through the external professional managers of the enterprise management. And when the scale of the enterprise more hours, external professional managers may also is not economic.
3. Enterprise in the life cycle stages. In the enterprise in those early days, the managing advantage will be very obvious, often easier to success. When enterprise to enter the growth and development stage, the pattern often becomes the limit the development of the enterprise factors, such as when the market competition by family capital requirements to effective integration social capital, with the family members share enterprise ownership, residual claims and operation control, even need to completely give up the family control, if family business owners can't keep pace with The Times, it will affect the development of the enterprise.
4. Line (produce) industry features. Understand and grasp the basic features, the basic industry rules and evolution is establishes the advantage status, key elements of success. If the enterprise of the industry is concentrated, in some way, ms do up, with the managing more suitable for; If the industry is dispersed, has diversified, specialization, the family often appear insufficient strength, suitable for please stranger management. In addition, if is high-tech enterprise, the potential of the staff, the degree of efforts play is more difficult to determine, fits with the modern management system.
5. The external environment factors and system change cost. In the process of enterprise development, because the economy of scale, externalities, elements of the relative price change, or transaction cost saving reasons such as the external form an enterprise profit, and when external profits in the existing system can't realize, enterprise will produce system change requirements. But in a factor market development degree not high, the rule of law incomplete, the lack of social credit system, because of the social transaction costs too high, the oldest enterprises to the oldest enterprises system transformation, may not be effective substantial push. Therefore, the oldest enterprises system change, not only depends on the oldest enterprise itself, also depend on enterprise in the external environment is perfect.
Four, the oldest enterprise management mode development trend analysis
For China's family enterprise management mode to the future, the main management group two perspectives. The first is the transition theory, think family enterprise management mode is the economic development of a transitional forms. According to Europe and the rise and fall of the family enterprise and predicting its hard to fill and failure by the feeling of arbitrary. The second is characteristic of that family organization management mode is the Asian economic organizations of a characteristic, this feature is itself a neutral efficiency, that is family organization management can't and low efficiency delimit equal-sign, in a particular situation or even than the market more efficient and competitive initiated. "They is China's existing conditions is the best enterprise mode." Square too the chairman of the company MaoLiXiang more than once repeats a word.
Drucker's four principle reference, and combining with China's actual comprehensive research, we think our country enterprise management mode of the oldest the future direction of development can have the following way:
1. Establish complete the modern enterprise system. Clear property rights, two rights separation is in the modern enterprise system the most important characteristic. Two separate can realize right in two steps: one is to advocate family give up power (of course has the ability to stay on management), from the seat back into the background; The second main diversification of from the investment, and finally achieve the property right structure diversity. And establish modern company management structure is the core of the establishment of a modern enterprise system. Through the realization of shareholders' ownership and property of legal persons separation, the special operators to enterprise to carry on the management of family enterprises to realize the rebuild. Such as wenzhou chengtai enterprise founder NaCunHui through mergers and joint, to set up the business enterprise group, so the family stake diluted. He then and through the absorption of the contribution of the way real employees elements of reform of the oldest completed: the first is to use the relatives of the family to join their capital this "circle" of the capital from 100% to 40% more diluted; The second is to choose 38 home related enterprise, with social capital in the existing assets (the circle and the first layer concentric circles) dilution, he himself is also the equity dilution to less than 30%; The third is to attract and retain the enterprise expands the essential core talent and technology shares ", "management contribution" the form of the corporation's shareholders for 107 people expanded, their stock again be diluted to 20% ratio. Through the three times since the revolution property cut wings, and with few shares over a scale billions of group company, now the group company also in public companies to forward, the company also is then zhengtai
Media as a modern sense of enterprise.
In the long run, establish the real modern enterprise system, this is a kind of modern enterprise management reform of the inevitable trend, the professional manager system is a private company establish and perfect modern enterprise system, the prerequisite and basis of but at present our country vocational training integrity and behaviour has not been formed, so at present a lot of private enterprise is often difficult one pace reachs the designated position.
2. The second form of modern enterprise system. This mode of system is the famous enterprise historian Alfred. Chandler is introduced, and refers to the family (or owner) still remain relatively (or absolute) land holdings, business owners and some family members still participate in the enterprise of top management, considerably family still control the enterprise the management control, but a senior manager of the enterprise personnel even general manager is family members, basic realize the socialization, enterprises become the family members and professional managers joint management of the modern enterprise, such a kind of family management mode. To this system requirements, the family business of existing property rights must be structure, management mechanism, the cultural idea and so on various levels to change, the main measures including: through the various forms of social capital in order to form effective integration of reasonable equity structure; According to the principle of fair competition will be transferred to the important position in excellent social managers; Establish and improve the board of directors as the core of company governance mechanism; Reconstruction enterprise culture, etc. In dealing with the relationship between ownership and management, can adopt a flexible methods, such as zhejiang MaoLiXiang of square too company in the oldest modification, it is in ownership remained unchanged, under the premise of committed to build modern family enterprise management mode, chose his son MaoZhongQun general manager, but senior management staff of all imports.
We think, decided to enterprise really go they mode decision factors from the market is competitive pressure. Because of its inherent regularity of family enterprises with their own restrictions, have negative itself with its business development and to the modern transition of the public company needs and trend, in view of our country's market development, "culture" and family enterprise development present situation, at present the most large, medium enterprise fully out of the oldest is not the most effective and feasible choice, and Alfred. Chandler proposed second form of modern enterprise system should be present most large and medium-sized family enterprise change of choice.
3. Family machinery-electronics intergration mode. In small commodity industries, when the enterprise development scale is small, the formation of small and medium-sized professional machinery-electronics intergration also can yet be regarded as small and medium-sized enterprise joint the effective model. In the way of business owners of lead, take the market as the guidance, through the social labor division and specialization cooperation, the dispersed of small businesses connected, formed the massive economy, that is, in a certain area, relative concentration of the production of similar products and series products form with local characteristics industrial area, so that the private enterprise is not only a "small" of energy, and at the same time to form the "big" of the strength, and the products have a strong market adaptability and stronger competition, can obtain scale economic benefit. Cixi city of zhejiang province with the datang hosiery as an example, a town 8000 have family enterprise, average each loom only 8 sets, each to be no complete enterprise, but the whole town will do socks into 10 link: 1000 house, 300 sewing materials factory head factory, 100 to finalize the design factory, 300, 200 machinery manufacturer home accessories factory, 600 marketers, 100 combined transport business...... , a clear division, together like the size of the enterprise, with the annual production capacity of 11.8 billion pairs of socks, the output value of nearly 30 billion RMB. Also, wenzhou private economy is the typical cluster economy.
4. Maintain mode. For a large scale, and the small family enterprise, in the current market factors do not have a high level of development, the rule of law incomplete, credit resources weak objective environment, when temporary does not have the family of the objective conditions established guang, of the family of the traditional management mode is still a suitable for the development of the enterprise management mode, because only family management mode can with minimum cost and maximum efficiency to solve these problems. As for the current market competition is intense, some small and medium-sized enterprises entrepreneurs there is crisis are hand is due in part to entrepreneurs itself is low cultural quality, management and operation ability and limited factors, the solution is to strengthen the management of the entrepreneurs should be training, improve quality, and improve the management ability entrepreneurs, may also employ management consultant solve local problem.
Five, the conclusion
Of course, drucker was pointed out just for family enterprises of general principles of management, in the model selection, the private entrepreneurs in China should be according to the actual conditions, when change is changed, in view of the different enterprise, the same enterprise's different stage of development to make effective choice, Beijing, director of the center, the vision of economists ZhongPengRong once said "suits own is the best". In addition, when a phenomenon has been widely accepted by society, its reform will is difficult and long, deep social cultural background is hard to change. An enterprise's restructuring is not only the internal affairs, needs social a series of supporting service come on stage, such as the relevant laws, perfect policy guidance and so on, so we can't expect this reform result immediately and they upgrade will be a long-term improvement process.
ReplyDeleteTHANK YOU FOR THE INFORMATION
PLEASE VISIT US
customized erp software