Pick to: business and academia has put employees as the research of the pressure a hot issue, according to staff for effective stress management of financial crisis will be under the environment of enterprises to better have an important impact on survival. Pressure from the concept, analyzes the pressure source employees of the concrete conditions of modern enterprise implementation of stress management, and the necessity of the social work from the point of view of the professional staff management tactics of pressure put forward.
Keywords: pressure; Stress management; Social work
1 the concept of pressure, the source
(1) the concept of pressure. The English stress (pressure) is comes from Latin Strictus, original intention is tightly linked, were later used in mechanical, meaning when objects are the role of the outside world, the object produced within the resistance, such as roads, Bridges under pressure.
Lazarus, scholars believe that the "pressure is demand and rational response to the needs of the relationship between the". A person under pressure or not and he treated the pressure view is closely, it is by the people's cognitive system of reflected, and this is the result of to reflect the cognitive evaluation work pressure. McGrath (1970) think pressure is "demand and individual ability in an imbalance between the state, the consequence of the needs are not being met. He thinks people to work the pressure to deal with different ability will inevitably lead to different pressure experience, appropriate estimated self coping ability employees, often can obtain good social adaptation; And too high or low estimate of self ability employees to easily frustrated failure.
From the review of the definition of pressure, that different researchers to pressure the account is not the same, but, all of these details just different definitions, the overall direction is consistent, all think pressure is a kind of psychological reaction, the psychological reaction to lead to a physiological response. So when you feel the pressure is put on you demand and you meet the demand of the ability not balanced, psychological and physiological reaction.
(2) the source of the pressure. Cause pressure factors called the pressure source. Modern enterprise management especially human resources managers implement staff in stress management activities, the first wanted to know the cause of the pressure in employee that the pressure source. The pressure source from the form can be divided into:
(1) no job security or unemployed.
The financial crisis in the environment, the company went bankrupt, the staff will be worried about the company went bankrupt because, mergers, acquisitions or organization restructuring and lose the job security. The lack of security in the state, the work of the interpersonal relationship, and boss, colleague, subordinates, tension, political struggle will more intense than ever before, the staff in order to ensure their work, often to lengthen working hours, reduce the job to pay, reduce welfare requirements, which has produced the huge pressure of work. No job security than unemployment caused by more pressure. Unemployed staff than the ordinary people are more likely to have depression, suicide, crime. The financial crisis last year, the United States
(2) the role in the work.
In the modern enterprise organization structure, the staff in his work bears certain responsibilities, play specific roles, this is an important source of stress, common problem have role conflict, the role of fuzzy, work burden overweight or light, etc. Such as the boss for department manager fired an employee, but to do so but defeats the manager's values, which has made role conflict; The clerk in the work received let people confuse, even self-contradictory instructions, which has a role fuzzy; Burden of being overweight will let employees feel work always behind schedule, feel tired, and therefore cause pressure; Employees are always hope that through the efforts to self realization, work as doing nothing will give them cause stress.
(3) bad working environment.
The health agency authority once pointed out, bad working environment can also manufacture work pressure. Dangerous location, chaos of the office environment, do not accord with human body engineering office facilities and so on, they will aggravate employees work pressure production. Work occasionally of the disaster can cause great pressure, such as "9.11" is the largest terrorist attacks by the negative impact of the work of disaster, there are still a lot of American white-collar worry that such attacks would occur again in the work of tall buildings have the pressure.
(4) the life of the pressure.
The name psychiatrists, perceived (Helmes) list of 43 kind of life crisis, according to the degree of pressure on the main: spouse death, divorce, couples, separation, detention, family members, and death, and casualties or illness, marriage, discharge, turn, retirement, etc. Visible, life everything in life may become the pressure source. And in financial crisis environment, life of the big pressure than before. For example, the cost of living and the sources of number fewer than before.
2 stress management of the meaning and the financial crisis under the environment of the necessity of implementing stress management enterprise
(1) the meaning of stress management. According to the concept of pressure, we can put the meaning of stress management understanding is divided into three parts: first, to cause problems of external pressure source itself to deal with, that is not appropriate to reduce or eliminate the factors of environment; Two is to deal with the pressure caused by reaction, namely the mood, behavior, and physiological aspects of ease symptoms and counseling; Three is to change individual own weakness, that change is not reasonable belief, behavior model and way of life, etc.
(2) enterprise implement staff the necessity of stress management. According to research institutions U.S. professional pressure association (American Institute of "Stress" can be estimated, in financial crisis environment, pressure and the diseases that are the result of corporate America every year cost more than 3000 dollars. Be in China at present, though there are no professional organization of the professional pressure because of the loss of the enterprise to bring for statistics, but Beijing yeap, business advisory services centre in 2006 to the national 14123 all kinds of organization of the staff to the study, 3% of workers said pressure is great, 13% of workers are under a lot of pressure, 42% of workers said pressure. As the financial crisis intensifies, the pressure increases great staff, industry insiders preliminary estimates, China every year because of professional pressure brings to the enterprise's losses, at least yuan RMB.
Employees stress management can not in the short term to bring benefit to the enterprise, but potential, has the behavior of the driving force, will be in the enterprise life for the extension of the embodiment of incisively and vividly, the enterprise has the good development of booster effect, to a large extent, extended the life of the enterprise cycle. This shows, the pressure is the core of enterprise staff psychological problems, and on employees stress management is imperative.
3 reference social work idea, improve the actual effect of the staff management methods
(1) the idea of equality of personality. Social work is to respect the parties, the helper and egotism is equal relationship between, personality status is the same.
The current employees stress management should learn from this concept, stress management process in staff to equal treatment of each subject to pressure with employees, and that each employee no matter how values, ideological understanding what deviation, must be respected, without treatment. Should change the staff in the process of stress management managers are main body, the staff is the object, the subject has absolute authority, the object is to the position only passive mode. Especially to change under pressure for some employees take discrimination, with the practice of critical attitude. Introducing the concept of respect and equality, which could help workers meet employee self-expression, the pursuit of the life value strong desire, arouse the enthusiasm of employees to overcome stress.
(2) the concept of service. "Social work is in essence, the basic task of the service is only for a difficult and demanders providing effective service, and help them to get out of difficult situation, so that the normal life and development".
Employees stress management to emphasize a service concept, service employees, help employees, the interests of the maintenance staff, this is the intrinsic demand of socialism market economy. In the financial crisis environment, workers are significantly increased pressure, as the administrator of the enterprise by managers in the change of roles for both managers and server dual role. The concept of service employees make staff and become the passive to active, from a subjective voluntary become the subject of commentate pressure for employees.
(3) the idea of helping. Social workers think that everyone has their own potential, social work task is to help people dig their own potential, make the person's ability to release the maximum limit.
The staff management for a long time to emphasize the managers as the center, enforce and implants managers values, ways of thinking and working methods, in order to advance design pattern by pressure regulating with the thoughts and actions of the employees. The practice shows that in a values more and more diverse, more and more diverse information channel, spread speed more and more rapid conditions, simple, one-sided to impose some values and way of life is hard to gather together works. Help others, the staff is as self management and self improvement process, managers provide our employees with choice and chance, mining and the development of their own potential, and give full play to the initiative of employees, be helpful for employees to solve work and life, environment and other aspects of the problems met pressure.
4 the social work method for employees stress management enlightenment
(1) the case method is a kind of work on a case study of the object for professional methods, social workers through a professional relationship with director established, coordination of available for use of social resources, to provide direct, director of face to face, one to service.
The traditional employees stress management usually adopt the way group training, ignore the intrinsic need for the staff and individual character difference. The development of modern society being diversified trend, the staff of the pressure source also more and more diversified, employees stress management in addition to consider all employees common needs outside, still should consider the individual employee existing problems. Therefore, in the process of stress management staff should use case method to employees stress management work. Enterprise managers in the enterprise by using questionnaire survey method understanding staff the source of pressure and the present situation, and then in the interim, targeted to develop the employees stress management, also can use individual way of talking and establish a more staff close relationship, and reveal a kind of support and acceptance, staff say the source of pressure, so as to provide service to solve the problem of employees meet pressure.
(2) team work is refers to the use of the group formed in the experience and in groups of power, assist in groups of individuals to access behavior change, social function recovery and development and achieve the goal of groups, and promote the growth of the whole staff group.
The use of groups work method to employees to strengthen the students stress management group cooperation ability, improve their collective sense of honor. Team work method using members of the interaction between share and share, support, and reform education, bring the change of attitude and behaviour of the team members. Managers use of these resources, timely guide, strengthen hinted that lead to health, active, members of the constructive direction development, realize the purpose of excessive pressure solve employees. As in the enterprise training process is divided into several groups will staff, let them cooperation to teach the source of pressure, also can let them through the sketch comedy show how to form, self stress management, which helps to training various form, also conduce to mobilize the enthusiasm of students, so as to achieve the purpose of employees stress management.
(3) community work is based on community based social work by professional social workers with social work the ideas and approaches of large scale in the community to develop social work, promote the improvement of the staff pressure problems, help people in the optimization of the environment better release the pressure.
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