Pick to: in the relevant knowledge transformation and the knowledge capital concept based on literature, based on the organization of knowledge transformation and the main body in the process of capitalization levels from personal, team and organization three different body level analysis of tissue knowledge transformation of intellectual capital and the influence of the factors.
Keywords: knowledge capital; Knowledge transformation; Main body level
1 personal level knowledge into human capital
Personal knowledge is individual have the knowledge, skills, experience and so on, attached to the individual, difficult or not be other individuals of the highly personalized knowledge master, it is generally thought that personal knowledge divided into dominant and recessive knowledge two types. Personal level and explicit knowledge tacit knowledge can change into each other. Personal knowledge and the employee in the formation of the combination of human capital, as a knowledge capital in personal levels of carrier and realized. Human capital of knowledge from the point of view of the elements, human capital can be divided into dominant human capital and recessive human capital. The so-called dominant human capital is to point to form a value of human capital, through the general method of external can observe the value structure or its value can get a certain parts. And recessive human capital is refers to exist in the mind or organization in the relationship between employee knowledge, work experience, creativity, know-how, value system and so on, it including employees have the tacit knowledge and skills, including implicit in organizations and individuals not easily by insight into the process of social capital and emotional capital.
In personal level knowledge to the human capital the conversion process of many factors influence the effect of transformation. A man of education, by the home environment, the growing experience different, thus can cause individual psychology and consciousness, thoughts even move, and these is an important part of the human capital. Formal education degree by, relevant work fixed number of year and rank is the influence of the human capital of basic quality factors. And for insight into the potential customers for change ability, the reaction, adaptation, coping ability, communication skills, learning, innovation, personal ability affects human capital appreciation in the value of the size of the ability. Schultz will human capital formation comes down to five reasons: medical and health care, on-the-job personnel training, school education, enterprise organizations outside of the program for adults held, individuals and families in order to adapt to the change of employment opportunities in the migration activities.
2 team level knowledge into team capital
Team knowledge is refers to a team have culture, experience and ability to deal with problems, there are also the recessive knowledge team and the dominant knowledge two types. In particular, the team on level of knowledge transformation have between teams knowledge transformation and individual to team level of knowledge transformation, which team level knowledge capital formation team knowledge into team capital and human capital into team capital in two ways. Knowledge in the team level after the transformation, the enterprise is more by the team as the foundation, the capitalization of the knowledge team, those in the service team production, enterprise and individual is collective investment form of enterprise creating persistent returns to the setting in team range manpower capital owner of the whole team on the special knowledge, skills and wait into team capital.
Into the knowledge team capital mainly include: first, the team work exchange form team special knowledge and skills. Special knowledge refers to the team is to serve the production of professional knowledge, team, the team were skill including team communication, communication skills, both belong to the category of productive knowledge. Second, the team work exchange form team spirit, culture and a team of practice, and so on, this belongs to a kind of the soft, coordination tacit knowledge. The most common way is mainly to the capitalization of the team the team work knowledge, skill, team spirit of team capitalization, through the team construction, team training, team analysis, team the meeting, the team the public relations, the system construction, form together in the team of knowledge, skills, team spirit and so on. Team construction, system construction degree of perfection, team training effect, team analysis precision degree, the effectiveness of the team meeting, the team the public relation ability affects the strength of the team of the value of the capital ability.
3 organizational level knowledge into organization capital
Enterprise organization capital is to point to in the human capital's leading role under the shape, but independent of human capital besides, is not attached to the human capital that exist in the tissue of the enterprise to normal, orderly and effective operation of all other capacity, mainly including the structure of organization, and rules and regulations, organizational culture, organization, enterprise credit history, the mode of management, the information system, the management process knowledge capital. Enterprise
(1) organization knowledge into organization capital.
In organization knowledge reflected organization rules, procedures and practices and culture, including rules and regulations, technology, process, database and common vision, brand, trademark, patent and the management pattern, etc. And individual and team knowledge, still can be divided into recessive knowledge organization and the dominant knowledge two types. Internal organizational and explicit knowledge tacit knowledge may change into each other, they rely on the organization and system of the force, and effective flow, transformation and integration, and for some can engage organizational level tacit knowledge according to the development needs of the organization to engage and coding the formation of operation norm, material, information and documents and so on the new dominant knowledge, through the exteriorization way on to related departments or agencies, into the dominant knowledge organization, so as to realize the integration of knowledge organization, and finally into products and services for enterprise to create profits and market value, and on organizational performance has greater effect, in this process the organization knowledge is transformed into organization capital.
(2) individual human capital into organization capital.
First, the individual human capital in the competition, easily the top into organization capital is part of the data, information and explicit knowledge. Individual data, information and explicit knowledge in the document to the organization ZhiShiLei organization capital, and only when these documents can be organized by others in the retrieval, share and use, can form organization capital.
Second, because the recessive knowledge and skills of hard to express, individual of tacit knowledge and skills to the organization capital transformation is a progressive explicit and the process of transformation. In the practice of enterprise, individual to promote the best practice and get effective sharing, the first step is to determine what people have what recessive knowledge, skills and knowledge path chart or experts form index table, of the problem in time when people know where I can get help.
Third, the individual in human capital is an important part of a man's professional spirits, values and thinking, in general, entrepreneurship and its value will be the enterprise culture groups like the core of the capital. This kind of individual human capital is mainly through the community network to achieve in a team of consensus within, form behavior standards, organization practices and common vision. Then these standard practice and vision throughout the organization to encourage and propaganda, so as to form the whole organization sharing and identity of spiritual culture kind of organization capital.
(3) team knowledge into organization capital.
Individual knowledge can be indirectly through the team into organization knowledge. Individual knowledge first in a team recognized and promotion, the team including the function team, cross functional team, authorized or spontaneous organizations group, innovation group, etc. Especially in the cross functional group, the team members from the different functional department, everyone have beyond description about functional departments of tacit knowledge, this kind of knowledge only interact with each other in the face to face to learn. Group learning in the team members in the mutual communication, before you know it happened. Through the group learning can form two types of organization capital: one kind is ZhiShiLei human capital, it is a team members to create, to share knowledge of the team, another kind is the relationship of human capital, the group learning is formed in the team standard and employee relations, value concept.
In the organizational level of knowledge transformation organization capital in the process of the complex, the organization of knowledge sharing high-level attitude, organization structure, enterprise employees condition, enterprise of institutional construction, information technology factors such as the utilization condition of the formation of the organization capital will influence.
4 epilogue
This article from the organization "knowledge transformation" theory, based on the organization of the main body of knowledge transformation process is layered, from individual, team and organization three different body level analysis of tissue knowledge transformation of intellectual capital and the influence of the factors. This research to help enterprise search for knowledge innovation management the breakthrough point, speeding up the enterprise internal and external knowledge innovation process, improvement of the organization's knowledge capital management, eventually to improve staff, team and the performance of the organization has the important practical significance.
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