Enterprise management theory of development and evolution research

With the development of social economy, the 21 st century economic and cultural integration is the era of big trend, we can say, 21 century is "cultural management" of times, it was the "cultural wins" times. Enterprise culture as a management theory and management methods, got more and more attention.

A modern management approach, based on the development of enterprise culture evolution

Traced back, the early human management behavior, prolific was born in production and military action in. A slightly largest production or military action, involve a lot of link, the need to various cooperate, need to detailed plan and careful plan, so it is related to a series of management behavior. Many are thought to involve management culture earlier described and view, referring to the early human was, the more typical such as in ancient China of sun zi bing fa, which contain abundant management thinking, the modern enterprise management often borrow and transplant the management theory, the organization method, the art of leadership.

To the modem, enterprise management theory and practice continuously development, roughly experienced experience management, classical management, behavioral science management, irrationalism management, and then to enterprise culture management way five stages.

Management way just as its name implies is not with managers (often also is enterprise owners) individual wisdom and practice experience of enterprise implement organization management, its management thought did not have theory form, with a lot of uncertainty, but some of them for posterity experience has an important enlightenment.

Classical management theory is mainly by production as the center, around improve labor productivity and a comparatively strict organization form to launch, including Taylor to as a representative of the scientific management school and mount Joel, webb, as a representative of the organization management school. The premise is the essence of "Taylor theory" as management object "people" as the "economic man", interest drive is the school to improve production efficiency the main way. Due to the implementation of the essence of "Taylor theory", enterprise management began to experience the transition to management from scientific management phase. Henry law Joel emphatically analyzed and studied top management efficiency and general management principles, he is the first to define the "general management" theory, and summarized according to their own experience of management, puts forward the "ten to four management principle". Max weber's contribution to the modern management theory is put forward "the ideal organization model". He thinks, the organization system shall have the accuracy and stability, discipline and reliability, only such ability have to improve work efficiency of conditions. Classical management is the focus of the organization management to be scientific and strict and discipline, but lack of knowledge of people and care, exclude people's feelings factors, causes the entire social feelings known plaque and stifle individual initiative and creativity.

In the 1920 s to the s, behavioral science theory gradually flourish. The behavioral science with anthropology, sociology, psychology, economics, management, the theory and methods of the study of human nature and needs analysis, behavior and motivation, in order to achieve the harmonious interpersonal relationship and improve the work efficiency of purpose. Among them, the human nature assumption is the starting point of the behavioral science management theory, incentive theory is the core of it content, group behavior theory is the important pillar of it, leading behavior theory is an important part of it. Early behavioral science focused on "social" study, care for their social demand of satisfy. Later focused on "ego realize people", and in the work of care worker can self realization, have without sense of achievement and the objective of ego. With classical management theory to improve productivity and emphasizes the role of the administrative organization is different, behavioral science take person's factor, to the people's management as a management center, multi-disciplinary study from various angles of behavior, psychology and management of the relationship, this is management thoughts of the revolution. The development of the theory of behavioral science, promote the management thoughts from thing to person's progress.

Since the 1980 s, the global economy, politics, culture had the profound change, people's mode of production, life style, communication mode, and the way of thinking constantly update for management theory innovation to provide formidable power. The rise of irrationalism theory, what western management of one of the new progress made.

The traditional management theory is that: the organization with a clear intention and target, can clearly be sure; Managers use accurate analysis, especially quantitative analysis, can choose the best way to reach the goal, so as to make a reasonable decision, that everything is rational. The management concept of irrationalism contemporary scientific theory results such as system theory, control theory, decision theory and fuzzy theory, etc. Used in the management and planning and management process, and it think of with social human, not just in strict accordance with the facts or logic to take action, in whatever place, perfectly rational to logical control behavior person almost can't find. The motives of the sure is a complicated process, it is difficult to clearly and directly from local to choose. The choice of target involves people value orientation, not so much by thinking clearly, as depends on all kinds of social factors affect an individual and psychological factors; And organization management process, not just the decision making process, including the implementation process and the innovation process, and then two process is full of change and the strong personal feelings colour, so scientific and reasonable management mode should be "irrational", "people problems require human nature to solve", completely rational, the people must robotic, can damage the value of life and meaning. From the point of view of epistemology, the traditional management mode is the rational in certain historical condition, the elements will be simple and abstraction up after a set of clear rules out the system and working methods, belongs to the accuracy known; And "irrational" management concept is that in the new historical conditions, through the practice, break through the traditional rational understanding of the limitations of The Times and not the compatibility, and then a summary of out a "fuzzy" know. Classical management also pay attention to employee, but its staff's attention and the boss love machine in logic is consistent. The new management concept focuses on human, the subjective initiative, emphasize the flexible management agility and flexibility; Don't advocate using what kind of established theory mode automatically change management of the enterprise and the complex. Management is not a manufacturing a product, but management than making products more difficult; They were far more complex than machine, so management can't too "accurate", will have to be introduced "fuzzy mechanism", this is the "irrational" trend. Irrationalism requests to realize the management form the fundamental transformation, this shift, the essence of human nature is to replace rationalization. The so-called human nature, not only should tolerate the rational factors, and should tolerate the irrational factors, the irrational and rational person unify, this management mode is the humanized management.

The United States management gurus Peter drucker has pointed out, management based on culture. He is in "the management-task, responsibility, practice," a book points out: the management is a kind of social function, therefore is to social responsibility, and rooted in the culture. Although it is a management discipline, a kind of systematic and very applicable knowledge, but at the same time also is a kind of "culture". Management is a kind of social functions and rooted in a culture (a society), a kind of value to tradition, habit and faith in, rooted in the government system and the political system. Management is and should be affected by cultural influence, and at the same time management and management personnel can also affect the culture and the development of the society. Management theory, the substance of the development and evolution is one of one's own management to constantly to know, in management theory system of human body position improve, pay more and more attention to the feelings of person and the spiritual demand, so as to constantly improve people's value. Management theory development process of update, is from the as an simple management object to emphasize management of human subjectivity process; Is the use of science from the principle of one-sided workers operating behaviors in the supervision and control, as the pursuit of efficiency and as an machine affiliated to drive, to the cultural concept used in enterprise management, and with rich creative people as the center of management theory, on protection and advocacy initiative and the creativity of people and get good enterprise economic and social benefits of the process. In view of this, the culture is considered as the enterprise "soft power" core factors, to become the enterprise's core competitive ability. "Enterprise culture" as a theory, it is in this era background.

Second, the modern management mode of enterprise culture under the connotation

Look from the extension, the enterprise culture includes material culture, behavior culture, system culture, spirit culture four levels. Look from the connotation, culture contains two of the most basic elements, namely the idea and behavior. Enterprise culture operation system, and can be divided into the nature of enterprise culture and the phenomenon of enterprise culture system system. The essence of enterprise culture system, including the management of the enterprise management philosophy, the enterprise mission, the mode of thinking, the core value concept, the spirit of enterprise, enterprise morality, enterprise style, the enterprise aesthetics and management principle and so on, this is the soul of the enterprise culture part. Enterprise culture essence of hidden in the phenomenon, need through the phenomenon expression comes out. Enterprise culture phenomenon system, is the enterprise the carrier of culture part, including the enterprise environment, the enterprise image, employee behavior, enterprise organization mode localization, the cultural facilities and cultural activities, model character story, logo and product label, enterprise internal and external propaganda and advertisements, and so on. They interaction, common show the essence of enterprise culture.

So, the enterprise culture is a kind of cultural phenomenon, and the enterprise culture itself and enterprise culture construction process emphasize activity imaging, atmosphere and ceremony. But, the enterprise culture is the essence of the organizational culture, it reflects the members have in common is the organization behavior, a common belief concept and value pursuit. Enterprise culture not only focus on the activities of the enterprise phenomenon level, more committed to enterprise operation of deep foundation of the construction of the factors, such as the management of the enterprise philosophy, the core values, enterprise humanities spirit, strategic development, team construction, management procedures, and so on. Enterprise culture directly affects and restricting enterprise management status and benefit, and then the influence and restricting enterprise's survival and development. From this point of view, the enterprise culture of course will belong to the organization culture.

Enterprise culture is humanistic culture. In the enterprise management system, "humanism" is for "capitalism" or things this ideas are presented. It is with the person this, first is a kind of philosophical values, it reveals the in this world, what the most fundamental and most important, what is worth to pay close attention to what the most, it is a kind of philosophical sense from the produce of organization and management of the essence of the new knowledge.

Look from practice, after the 1950 s, with the development of scientific technology, enterprise production efficiency of the contribution of more and more big, "humanism" is gradually replaced "capitalism" in the enterprise management thoughts take the leading position, and people-oriented management style also is made. Humanistic management in essence of human being is promoting the comprehensive development of freedom, for fundamental purpose of the management concept and management mode, the basic idea is to get people as management in the most basic elements, with an all-round development of man is the core, insist on the development of enterprise development and social development of the premise.

In the enterprise resource system is the most precious is decisive significance is the people, capital, technology, information, time and so on all must depend on the operation control. But, not what person all precious. Enterprise development need is responsible for loyalty, initiative, rich in the spirit of innovation employees, it is the most precious of worthy of the employees. How to cultivate such people? Practice has proved, money can be exchanged for glide positive, but not for permanent loyalty; Power can be exchanged for obedience and flatter, but not for the initiative. Cultivate enterprise need excellent employees, need to instill idea, need system model, need environment edification and habit is formed, it is need good enterprise culture and nourishing. Enterprise development, especially the long-term stability of the sustainable development, need money, equipment, technology, need opportunities cleverness, need supervision and control, organization and coordination, but it needs to have an environment platform. Enterprise wants to grow into the rain, the resistance to flourish, fruitful tree in one hundred, must be rooted in rich fertile soil, more highlights the connotation of enterprise culture.

The biggest characteristic of enterprise culture, is through the tube to tube affairs, through improving efficiency, changes in the person's idea is to change the behavior of people, by creating the excellent staff to create excellent enterprise, the realization enterprise performance scaling. Enterprise culture has many functions, the comprehensive throughout the whole process of enterprise operation.

Three, modern management mode of enterprise culture under the change

The modern management is not just a technical knowledge, more should be a kind of idea, culture. Enterprise culture is the culture characteristic and the law applied to the management, in order to improve the quality of people as the basic way to cultivate enterprise management philosophy, value evaluation and selection, the spirit of enterprise, the core idea as the main content and guide the way of the management concept and management mode.

The modern management theory that the regional culture, when a certain area or the organization forms a historical tradition, culture concept, the common value of principle, moral norms later, in organization and individual goals target of contradiction will have found a unified the ideal "combination". Thus, in the "regional culture" the disinterested "management" in front, personal values be subtly guide and assimilation, By managers from the pressure of no managers, but by area of intangible cultural restricted and regulated, anyone dying must consider his behavior to words and deeds, the moral quality can be invisible, but again there are objective accepted regional culture. Group consciousness, the social public opinion, the common customs and fashion spirit culture content, can cause strong make individual behavior of conformity of psychological pressure and dynamic group, make the organization members have mental resonance, and then reach idea and behavior self control. Enterprise culture as a kind of "regional culture", the staff of the ideological, psychology and behavior has a guide, incentive, coagulation, constraints, and regulate the function, it can through the organization, system rules, procedures, and ceremony, concepts and customs, interpersonal relationship, atmosphere, mental activities and so on the shape of all the staff to achieve the guide, thus shaping the survival and development of enterprises.

(a) enterprise culture must become the core competitiveness of enterprises create yuan points

As a result of each enterprise in the industry to attribute, regional background, historical conditions, organization system, product structure and so on aspect the difference, enterprise objectively the extraordinary personality. The core competitive force of the enterprise comes from enterprise in personality, formed on the basis of comparative advantage: I have no one, I have gifted, optimal I new, people's new I. Comparative advantage must rely on self innovation, innovation and from cultural, enterprise culture quality decides the innovation ability, innovation ability to determine the comparative advantage, have comparative advantage to with core competitiveness. Many enterprise's prosperity and decline success or failure has repeatedly proof: culture as the company's guidance system, meridian system, decide the enterprise's development state; Culture is the loss of the lost rights, culture of regret must lead a deformity of the enterprise. If the enterprise culture quality is not high, no innovation ability, there is no comparative advantage, it cannot form the core competitive power. In the modern information society, because all kinds of communication means of development, enterprise information transfer between the obstacle, less and less of technology spread faster and faster, same industry the enterprise, its technical equipment, operation, management methods are often very much the same, enterprises to form the core competitiveness of the space becomes smaller and smaller. It is such, enterprise just very need set up their own enterprise culture, because culture is an imitation of the duplicated, and the enterprise culture itself is pregnant with the enterprise's core competitive ability. In the same operation flow, the same management system, the business scope of the same, different enterprise culture, can produce different development thought, development concept, development strategy, and thus made a different competitive situation. In the 21 st century, with the knowledge economy and the development of economic globalization, competition among enterprises more and more performance culture of competition, the enterprise culture on the survival and development of enterprise bigger and bigger role as the cornerstone of competitiveness of enterprises and decided to enterprise of the key factors in the process.

(2) enterprise culture into the modern management mode reform "engine"

Modern enterprise management emphasize strictly fine management, emphasize the process management, process control, the requirements in the management process, adhered to the implementation of ISO9000, ISO14000 standard, strict procedures, fasten the link, realize standardized operation, standardized management, lean production, agile production, cleaner production. Modern management must rely on implementation of high quality staff, the team must rely on the cultivation of the enterprise culture. Enterprise culture of the cultural characteristics and laws used in business management in, the management of employees of the traditional economic leading way, leading way change the culture system leading way, emphasis on cultural inspired, pay attention to mining development staff heart good good elements, and to make it sublimate is the rational cognition, which changes the staff's working attitude and behavior patterns and motivate their self-consciousness, initiative and creativity. The system is a kind of external mandatory rigid constraints, culture is the inner self identity of elastic constraints, which can effectively drive employees willingly behavior. Culture and the system is standard, culture is the leading standard, inspire staff be loyal to their duties and pursuing excellence; The bottom line is system is the standard, told the staff what not to do, the line will be punished. Enterprise culture organically combined with the role of both, and it can effectively amplification the efficiency of management, enterprise culture into the modern management mode reform an important driving force.

(3) enterprise culture for the development of enterprises must provide enduring full power

Enterprise culture reflect an enterprise's value orientation and the provisions enterprise pursuit of the goal, and can lead to all the staff personal goals and ideal and goal of enterprise unifies, so as to form the great cohesion and solidarity and motivate their allegiance to the enterprise heart, belonging and active spirit. Enterprise to get long stable development, it is necessary to set up their own belief system, let staff firmly confirmed enterprise strategic goals, operation policy, standard management, and so on, self-conscious self value and the value of the enterprise, and enterprise personal destiny fate closely together. Do 500 enterprises and make the top 500 enterprise equal importance. Enterprise culture can from values, the enterprise spirit, ethics, management tenet to rules and regulations, the employee behavior, enterprise image, to standardize the rigorous way and construct their own system, build up the spirit of the enterprise home, for enterprise development strategy for the inner motive power of uninterrupted supply.

(4) enterprise culture is leading the enterprise "people-oriented" management way change

Today's human resource development is considered as the organization for the development of the output than the largest, human resources was seen as the company's core resources. Human resources include the physical, mental, skills and culture, to maximize the staff the physical, mental, skills, first to be staff and enterprise produce cultural identity, rely on building a strong culture system to guide the development of human resources. Once the employee to enterprise target, vision and strategy, spirit, the values are identification, the career and the development of the enterprise mission will consciously combined, the personal value orientation and the enterprise values will lead to unify, personal physical, mental, skills will maximize out, offering the enterprise.

"People-oriented" management concept, and promote the building of enterprise culture and modern management mode change. An enterprise, if only pay attention to knowledge and technology advances, and enterprise culture construction lag, it would form a contrast, and will give enterprise caused frightful wounds. Enterprise a knowledge and technology, but lack of common pursue value standard, no common pursues codes of conduct, knowledge and technology can't effective use, even will in turn be obstacle to the development of the enterprise. Enterprises, the brain drain, technology leak, reflecting the defects of the enterprise culture. No common pursuit vision, no cohesive business values and the spirit of enterprise, enterprise and employee contact will be simple to employment, who can pursue benefit maximization, employees from psychological behavior haggle over every ounce, and enterprise bargaining even against. Enterprise culture insist that personal goals and enterprise target assimilation, building Shared values as the primary task of management, through a variety of means of employee ideal pursue a guide. The assimilation, make enterprise is no longer a pure mutual interests because gathering group, but a by with a common values and ideals and norms of behavior get together members of the organization. So building excellent enterprise culture, is creating excellent staff basic way.