Scientific management and productivity

[abstract] the scientific management through the work of subjective initiative, the construction of advanced system civilization, and promote the transformation of science and technology to productivity. Therefore, importance should be attached to the scientific management of the positive role of productive forces.

[key words] science management; The productive forces; Social development

a

From the perspective of the management philosophy, its essence is in certain social relations system's people, through the economic, political, legal, education, etc way, using mathematical model and computer technology, system science method and means of natural resources, human, financial, material, time, space, information, social relations, planning, control, coordination activities, make from arrive without foreword orderly, creating good benefit, realize the goal of human activities in the process.

Management since it is a kind of process, will inevitably there will be scientific and reasonable management and inappropriate wrong management division, therefore, in general terms "management is the productive forces" is not scientific, it should be said, scientific management is the productive forces.

Scientific management theory is based on the scientific management Taylor based on more profound understanding of, that is according to the objective world inner laws and human development the objective need for management activities, pay great attention to the quantitative analysis and strategic planning, emphasize the philosophical thinking and methods of management guidance, management and external environment of the inner development need to unify, according to a common human moral values, adhere to the nature, society, and human itself harmony, the principle of sustainable development, the management as a constant and the surrounding environment of the complicated process.

First, management is main body according to objective things, the internal law of itself, through the autonomy activities carry out the management goal process. The more developed society, contact between things the diversity and complexity of the more also presented to us, and isolated and static, one-sided understanding and dealing with problems difficult to find hidden in the nature of things inside and rules. Therefore, successful management must have been in the search for the essence and the regulation change and adapt to its development.

Second, management must be fit and meet the needs of the development of human nature, the ultimate management goal is to realize the comprehensive development of man. Management thoughts history shows that: in a way from management evolve into another way of management process, productivity development lead to economic organization form change was the reason, human development new needs to be important condition. The popularization of higher education improve the scientific and cultural level of the people, the network space composition of the virtual world changed the way people work, way of life and the way of thinking, a past labor, group formed on the basis of centralized production management way, have not adapted to the requirement of the development of society and economy, natural people-oriented, scientific management era began.

Third, thoughts, complexity thinking, process philosophy is modern scientific management of philosophical methodology basis. Management activity as a comprehensive activity, involves many aspects, natural science, social science method theory, technology and scientific achievements the science of man's new understanding is the scientific management on the basis of existing and further development. Without these disciplines progress is no management development.

Fourth, adhere to the natural, social and human sustainable development is the scientific management of the significant features. Nature is human survival and development of the material basis of the formation of the population due to too much material needs pressure, human vulgar production management way, and unreasonable distribution method, the natural resources are destroyed seriously, the emergence of a soil desertification, resource shortage, forest area reducing, climate change, all kinds of worsening pollution and so on a series of consequences. These results also increased in different countries and regions and race between benefit disputes, causes the country, regional conflicts constantly, affect human peaceful development.

Fifth, scientific management to human common interests and values as the highest standards. The world is a widespread contact overall, many to the solution of the problem only on a region, a country is no good, cooperate to countries around the world, from human common interests to try to solve. Any individuals, organizations, the state should not be for their own interest sacrifice a common human happiness.

two

Scientific management is the productive forces, but not in the traditional sense productivity. The traditional productivity concept is based on Newton's mechanical view based on linear thinking, think "productivity is people conquer nature, transforming the nature, create the material wealth ability". In its limits: one is to put people on the opposite and nature, on the basis of the people is the nature forget part of people dependent on natural, shall share prosperity and nature, but not to conquer nature. Two is to see only the material productive forces, ignore mind productivity and person's own productivity. Sure, the material production is the human society foundation upon which is to determine the political life and other life of premise. But, since have human since, people have never stop spiritual production and human's own production; And, with the growth of the material wealth and the spiritual production and human's own production become more and more important part of society, to promote the material production progress, and achieve the core of the free and full development.

With the system theory viewpoint and the complexity thinking mode and process philosophy know productivity. Productivity is an open dynamic system, is the system and element, the structure and function of the whole, and is in the system of the relationship between the different production, move to obtain from nature material production material and spiritual wealth creation, promote their overall development of a kind of ability. This ability is the productive forces and natural productive forces entity. Among them the social productive forces include material productive forces, spirit productivity, people their own production ability.

Natural productivity, "is the objective existence in ecological nature and human again at the same time the production activities, and closely related direct, indirect effect of the natural forces of production activity, is the sum of the forces of nature and productivity and collectively". Natural force is the nature of the formation of the natural has nothing to do with the labor, influence and function in people life force. In the early human, natural force to people's life and work up a fundamental role, decided to the nation's rich degree. As Marx said: "because of natural conditions, the same amount of labor productivity different will show more or less for the product or use value." Because of human activities of the ability to play in human nature became part of the brand "humanized nature" or say the thoughts of "physical world", thus forming a kind of natural nature of the labor productivity. This kind of natural nature of the productive forces has become the main people the survival and development of a kind of external forces.

The social productive forces is the human body and practice the ultimate goal of the material productive forces, spirit productivity, people itself productivity complex. Marx, Engels pointed out that social production is the material production, spiritual production and life of the production of the organic unity, social productivity therefore has the material productive forces, spirit of the productive forces and the productive forces three aspects. "Should not be put in the social activity of the three aspects as three different stages, and only three aspects should be considered as the first period from history... up, from the first person appeared, at the same time, three there is now also plays a role in history".

First, the history of all the first premise is people in order to satisfy the life needs must be material production. Material productive forces is people use tools, his own labor role in labor object, the nature of the material for material life ability. Including production tools, labor object, labor material and have practical ability. Marx once said, the distinction between the various economic times, what is not in production, but in how to production, with what labor tools for production. Production tools manufacturing and use, the expansion of labor object, is inseparable from the production of human power. Material productive forces to provide material wealth to the quality and quantity of the quantity and quality of the population, and also affect the human spirit production ability. Therefore, in the human development a long historical period, the pursuit of material productive forces development become the highest aim of activities, economic growth is the center of the practice activity content.

Second, when the material productive forces development to a certain stage, social accumulated great wealth, spirit from the physical labor of labor of separation of the true spirit of production will appear. Spirit productivity is based on people in the material production, to develop their own thinking, emotion, will, aesthetic, and creative spirit quality ability, including thought and its physical technology form and system products. Friedrich liszt think, "thought and consciousness of productive forces of freedom influence"; Also said, artists through his work, of the human spirit will, on social productivity occurrence function, but want to enjoy prior art must have its material purchased method, therefore, the artist for material production, to save the behavior also have incentives to the role. Liszt puts forward, productivity lies mainly in the personal intelligence, and social condition, a country by improving its social and mental conditions, they can use the existing physical capital, make the productivity 10 times. Spirit of the achievements for productivity of literature, art, political, legal thoughts, scientific, religion, as well as system product, such as: economic system and political system, legal system, public system and social public order of good morals. Spirit is not only the material productive forces development productivity at a certain stage of the product, but also promote the further development of the material productive forces conditions. Into the knowledge economic society, knowledge and information have become the important factor of productivity, the machine to replace human labor, the production efficiency is greatly improved, and the industrial structure change, directly engaged in the material production will be less and less, engaged in the production of people will be more and more the spirit, and the spirit of the productivity improve promote people's development, has become the value pursuit of human activities.

Third, the person's own production is the essential force of social productivity development and the ultimate goal. People are social life and the subject of practice, the person's material needs and spiritual needs and kind of breed is the inner motive activities. The ultimate goal is to realize human freedom and the comprehensive development. People their own production shown in three aspects: first, the population of the production. "The production of life, whether through labor and achieved his life, or through the birth of the production and achieved the life of another production, immediately the performance for the double relationship: on the one hand, it is natural relations, on the other hand is the social relations." Population production is not only a kind of natural behavior, but also a social behavior. As a natural reproduce, and the productive forces and natural productive forces by restricting, every social productivity level, can offer only a certain number of people must live material, can only provide certain social conditions of the biggest good development space. The second, and the socialization of man. Only after the socialization of talents is the main body of the social practice and understanding, social process is another production process. The production process mainly includes two aspects: one is the reality of the material production and the spiritual production activities of the socialization of forming and need to adapt to the society of all sorts of labor skills, as well as the dignity of the person's communication ability, cognitive ability, aesthetic ability; On the other hand is of general significance of education activity, through the education impart knowledge production and life, experience, and cultivate suitable for specific society for moral quality, values, ways of thinking and behavior. Through the education, the human outstanding cultural heritage to inherit, new social development needs the knowledge system of being widely spread, new social subject of socialization and good education through, human resources to realize the transformation of human capital. Third, free and full development of man. So far all of society, because the production itself is not developed, distribution system is not reasonable, cause people always in one-sided development and alienation. The performance for the laborer to produce wealth for the society at the same time, but for their production out of poverty. All the needs of laborer, labor ability the enhancement, physical and mental recovery, even fertility and children, are seen as capital in the process of reproduction link. People were alienation into machine, part of the capital of slaves, lost human dignity, freedom and comprehensive. Only in the social material and spiritual production full development, and on the basis of fundamental reform of the realization of social relations, truly free and full development person can produce.

three

Productivity is by all sorts of natural elements and social factors joined up organic whole. All sorts of elements of the combining ways, combined with the degree, the combined effect reflect the strength of the initiative, embodies the scientific management development level. If the productivity of natural elements and social factors compared to the net JingWeiXian, so scientific management is to turn it into a fishing net function of the present paper. Scientific management is not a productive forces hardware-machine, the plant, equipment, also not productivity software--the advanced scientific thinking, and good professional ethics, but the productivity of hardware and software of combining the organization a. Scientific management according to the overall change law is the productive forces, from the overall coordination of the relationship between productive forces system elements, so as to meet the process of optimizing state. Scientific management is the productive forces are mainly embodied in the three aspects, that is, science and technology into the productivity of reality; As the realization of the productive forces' participation; Is beneficial to people to the overall development of system civilization construction.

Marx pointed out that, no matter how the social form of production, laborers and production material is always production factors. But both in separate cases, only in the possibility is production elements. All production will have to make them together. Only in scientific management conditions, combining various elements effectively, can form the realistic productive forces. In the same way, as a single person is not in their own mind domination to his muscle activity up, just can't happen in nature effects, no production organization command, production movement could not have order to run and run.

People often say that science and technology is the first productivity _, but science, technology itself is the human spirit labor results, and not realistic productive forces. Therefore, in the north, opinion, scientific technology itself is system innovation and organizational changes result. Science and technology are a "double-edged sword," made the correct function and efficiency is the scientific management.

Scientific management is the productivity through one of the main factors to realize. Adam Smith for the first time in history determined the people in the dominant position of wealth creation, points out that every people to improve their own circumstance consistent, often, constant efforts is the social wealth, national wealth and private wealth on which the major factors produced. Pay more attention to the people, liszt subjectivity, he said: no matter where, whenever, the welfare state with people's intelligence, moral and diligence always proportional, wealth is just as these factors and increase or decrease. The freedom of the individual, intelligence and enlightenment in the influence of the state power, so it is in national productivity and wealth effect of...... The biggest cost countries each year, and it should be used for a generation of education, should be used for the nation's future productivity promotion and training. Liszt also laid special emphasis on the human spirit of productivity important, he said, the productivity of wealth itself is more important than wealth, the pigs and system of the pills were pleasant is producers, the teacher is also producers, the former production is the material of products. The latter production is the productive forces. Some people are able to make the next generation become producers, some people can promote a generation's moral and religious quality, some people can improve one's spiritual power, and some people can make the patient to keep his productivity, some people can make human rights and justice to be guaranteed, and others because of their art to people's spiritual pleasure to enjoy, that can help people production in high spirits. Countries to develop the productive forces must attach great importance to the spirit of the producers labor, attaching importance to cultural and historical heritage before the inheritance and development.