Overview of ERP system

A, ERP definition

ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning "Enterprise resource Planning"), can from management thoughts, software products and management system are given three levels of its definition:

I, is by the famous American computer technology consultation and assessment Group Garter Group Inc. Put forward a set of enterprise management system standards, its essence is in MRPII (" Manufacturing Resources Planning, "Manufacturing resource Planning") basis and a further development for Supply Chain (Supply Chain) management thinking;

II, is the comprehensive application of client/server system, relational database structure, object-oriented technology, the graphical user interface, the fourth generation language (4 GL), network communication, information industry result, with ERP management thoughts for the soul of the software products;

III, is integrated management philosophy and business process, basic data, human resources, computer hardware and software in the integrated enterprise resource management system.

The concept of ERP level can be shown as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1: the concept of ERP level

So, corresponding to the management group, the information industry, the business of the expression of different requirements, "ERP" has its particular respectively the connotation and extension of the corresponding "ERP management idea", "ERP software", "ERP system" in their expressions.

Second, ERP system development course

In the eighteenth century after the industrial revolution, human into industrial economy time, the social economy are the subject of manufacturing industry. Industrial economy times features of competition is the competition of the product Production cost, scale Production (Mass Production) is an effective way to reduce the Production cost. Due to the development of the production and the development of technology and manufacturing production to bring many difficulties, mainly displays in: production for the raw materials can't supply on time or supply; Spare parts manufacturing don't form a complete set, the backlog and serious; The long cycle of production and difficult to control, labor productivity decline; Funds serious backlog, cycle time gave long, the service efficiency of funds decreased; Market and customer the change of demand, makes the enterprise's business plan difficult to adapt. In short, lower the cost of the main contradiction is to solve inventory and shortages. In order to solve the key problems, in 1957, the United States production and inventory control association (APICS) was established to start production and inventory control theory and the research of transmission.

The development of experience in ERP 4 stages:

1. As a stock order plan-MRP material requirements planning stage; Or say basic MRP stage.

Along with the s the commercialization of the computer application start, first set of Material Requirements Planning MRP (Material Requirements Planning) available software and applied to the enterprise Material management.

2. As a production plan and control department closed loop MRP stage.

In the seventy s, people in MRP basis, on the one hand, the production capacity of work plan, the workshop work plan and purchasing work plan into the MRP, at the same time in the plan implementation process, to join from workshop, suppliers and plan of the feedback information personnel, and use the information to plan for the balance adjustment, which revolve around the material requirements planning, make the whole process of production form a unified closed loop system, it is from the early MRP developed closed-loop type MRP, closed-loop type material requirements in weekly MRP will even by the day decomposition, makes the MRP into an actual planning systems and tools, and not just an order system, it is the enterprise logistics management major development.

3. As a kind of enterprise management production management information system-MRPII stage.

The appearance of the closed-loop MRP system, make the production plan various subsystems got unified. As long as the main production plan really make good, then closed loop MRP system can very well run. But it's not enough, because in enterprise management, production management is a respect, it is related to the logistics, and closely related with logistics and cash flow. This in a lot of enterprises by the finance and accounting personnel management is the separately, this has caused the repetition of data input with storage, and even cause data inconsistency. Reduce the efficiency, waste of resources. So people thought of, should set up a integration management system management system, remove unnecessary repeated work, and reduce data consistency between the phenomenon and improve work efficiency. Realize the unification of the capital and logistics management, demanded the financial subsystem and production subsystem together, form a whole system, the closed-loop MRP MRP II to advance a big step. Finally, in the eighty s, people make, finance, sales, sourcing, engineering technology and so on each subsystem integration as a integration system, called the Manufacturing Resource Planning (Manufacturing Resource Planning) system, abbreviations or MRP, to distinguish material requirements Planning system (also abbreviation for MRP) and notes for MRP. II. MRP II can be in carefully plan the effective use of all kinds of the manufacturing resources, control capital takes up, shorten the production cycle, reduce cost, but it is only limited to the enterprise internal logistics, cash flow and information flow management. It's the most significant effect is to reduce inventories and reduce material shortage.

4. At this stage in the globalization-economic situation, MRPII already from reach international excellence enterprise covers the world class and supply chain information integration enterprise resource planning-ERP development.

To the late 90 s, the realistic society began to happen revolutionary change, that is, from industrial economy began to step into the era of knowledge economy, enterprise of age in background and competitive environment changed, enterprise resource planning (ERP system is in this background of available. In the ERP system design into the only rely on their own enterprise resources can't effectively participate in market competition, but also must be the course of business all the parties concerned if the supplier, manufacturing factory, distribution network, clients into a tight supply chain, can effectively arrange enterprise's production, supply, and marketing activities, satisfy enterprise use all market resources to quickly and efficiently the needs of production and operation, so as to further improve the efficiency and obtains the competitive advantage in the market; Also consider the enterprise in order to meet the market demand change, not only organization "mass production", and organization "many kinds of small batch production". In both cases they coexist, need to use different methods to make plans.

Three, ERP system management thinking

The core of the ERP management thoughts is to realize the whole supply chain, the production plan to coordinate the effective management system, mainly in the following three aspects:

1, reflect on the whole supply chain resources management thoughts

In knowledge economy era only rely on their own enterprise resources can't effectively participate in market competition, but also must be the course of business all the parties concerned if the supplier, manufacturing factory, distribution network, clients into a tight supply chain, can effectively arrange enterprise's production, supply, and marketing activities, satisfy enterprise use the whole society all market resources quickly and efficiently to the needs of production and operation, so as to further improve the efficiency and obtains the competitive advantage in the market. In other words, the modern enterprise competition is not a single enterprise and a single enterprise competition between, but a enterprise supply chain and another enterprise competition between supply chain. ERP system to realize the whole enterprise supply chain management, adapted to the enterprises in knowledge economy era the needs of the market competition.

2, reflect the lean production, simultaneous engineering and agile manufacturing thoughts

ERP system to support mixed mode of Production management, the management idea shown in two aspects: one is "Lean manufacturing LP (Lean Production)" thought, it is by the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) put forward in an enterprise operating strategy system. That is to say, the enterprise according to the mass production to organize production, the customers, sales agents, suppliers, cooperative unit into the production system, enterprise with its sales agent, the relationship between customers and suppliers, is no longer simply a business relationship, but Shared interests of the partnership, and the partnership to form a enterprise supply chain, that is the core idea of lean production. Second is the "Agile Manufacturing (Agile Manufacturing)" thought. When the market changed, the enterprise in specific markets and products demand, the basic partners not enterprise can meet the requirements of the new product development and production, at this time, the enterprise will organize a by specific suppliers and sales channel of short-term or one-time supply chain, and formed a "virtual factory", get the supply and cooperative unit as an integral part of the enterprise, the use of "simultaneous engineering (SE)", organize production, use the shortest time will be new products into the market, always keep the high quality of the products, diversification and flexibility, and that is the core of "agile manufacturing" thoughts.

3, reflect the planning ahead and course control thoughts

ERP system of plan system mainly includes: master production plan and material request plan, the ability to plan, purchasing plan and sales execution plan, profit plan, financial budget and human resources plan etc, and these plans function and value control function has been completely integrated into the whole supply chain system.

On the other hand, ERP system through the definition Transaction processing (Transaction) the relevant accounting subject and accounting method, so that in the Transaction occurred at the same time to be automatic generating accounting entries, and to ensure the capital and logistics synchronous records and the consistency of the data. As to realize the funds according to the financial situation, can trace the cause and effect of capital, and further back what happened in the related business activities, a change to the capital lags behind the material information information condition, it is easy to realize the course control and real-time decision making.

In addition, plan, transaction process and control and decision functions are in the entire supply chain business processes realize, requirement in each process business processing process maximize each man's work potential and sense of responsibility, process and process between emphasize the spirit of cooperation between people, in order to give full play to each organic organization of the subjective initiative and potential. Realize enterprise management from "towering type" the structure of the organization to "flat" organization of change, improve enterprise to the dynamic changes of market response speed.

In short, with the aid of IT technology rapid development and application, ERP system to a lot of advanced management idea becomes reality can be implemented in the application of the computer software system.

Four, ERP system and MRPII difference

ERP is based on the further development of MRPII enterprise management system, in order to further make clear the concept of ERP system and its main function, need to make clear the difference between ERP with MRPII.

1, in resource management scope of difference

MRPII focus mainly on insider to the enterprise, financial, material resource management, ERP system on the basis of MRP II expanded the scope of management, it put the customer needs and enterprise internal manufacturing activities, and the suppliers of manufacturing resources together, forming enterprise a complete Supply Chain (Supply Chain) and all the links on Supply Chain management effectively, these link includes order, purchase, inventory, planning, manufacturing, quality control, transportation, distribution, service and maintenance, financial management, personnel management, laboratory management, project management, formula management, etc.

2, in the mode of production management difference

MRPII system for the enterprise classification of several typical production approach to management, such as manufacturing, batch production, repeat orders production, according to the order, according to production and assembly inventory, for each kind of type has a set of management standards. And in the 80 s and 90 s, the enterprise in order to keep up with the changing market, many varieties, small batch production and production, is watching board type enterprise mainly use the mode of production and the production of a single way to hybrid production development, ERP is can well support and management hybrid manufacturing environment, and satisfy the enterprise the diversification business needs.

Three, the difference in management function

ERP system except MRPII manufacturing, distribution, financial management functions, but also increased support for the whole supply chain material circulation system of production, supply, and to each link of transportation between management and warehouse management; Support production guarantee system of quality management, laboratory management, equipment maintenance and spare parts management; Support for workflow (business process) management.

4, in the transaction processing control the difference

Is the plan in time through MRPII rolling to control of the production process, it of real-time is poorer, general can only achieve course control. And ERP system support Online analysis OLAP (Online Analytical Processing), after-sale service and quality feedback, stresses on the enterprise's beforehand control ability, it can design, manufacturing, sales, transportation through the integrated parallel by all kinds of related work, providing enterprise of quality, to adapt to the change, customer satisfaction, the effect achievement of key issues such as real-time analysis ability.

In addition, in MRPII, the financial system is just an information down one, and its function is available, manufacture and marketing information into the number of information value, is the value of logistics reflect. And ERP system will financial planning function and value control function integrated into the whole supply chain, such as in the production planning system, in addition to retain the original master production plan and material requirements planning and ability also expanded the sales plan execution plan SOP and profit plan.

5, in multinational (or area) business transaction processing the difference

Now the enterprise development, makes the enterprise internal each organization, the enterprise and the external between units of the coordination between the business unit becomes more and more and more and more important, ERP systems perfect organizational structure, which can support the multinational business more national areas, many factories, multilingual, more monetary application requirements.

Six, in computer information processing technology difference

With the rapid development of IT technology, network communication technology application, make ERP system to realize the integration of information of the whole supply chain management. ERP system USES the client/server (C/S) system structure and distributed data processing technology, Internet/support Intranet/Extranet, electronic commerce (E-business, E-commerce), electronic data exchange EDI, in addition, still can achieve in different platform of interoperability.

Five, the application of ERP with enterprise relationship

ERP is to borrow a new management model to transform the original enterprise old management mode, is advanced, effective management ideas and methods. ERP software in the actual application, the application of depth and width are not in place, most of the enterprise no significant effect, did not cause the enterprise decision makers vibrations and people's attention.

1. Implement ERP is the enterprise management comprehensive reform

Enterprise leadership should first is educated, the second is the modern management theory, and the implementation of the actor, standardize enterprise management and related links, make it become the leaders, managers and staff aware action, make modern management consciousness rooted in enterprise, become part of the culture of the enterprise. Foreign enterprise implement ERP seems to have no room for discussion, totally acceptable, strong consciousness. In fact, run the enterprise to do so is part of the natural order of things, and we have to wait thought improve, conception update, sometimes even avoid abilities, give in to the stale, mutual shuffle. If we do not firmly to such bad habits to say goodbye, the comprehensive reform will be repeated, and even die young.

2. Enterprise management team to come to an agreement

To the eyes inward, social security systems, doing well the management of the foundation work, this is any again good application software and software suppliers can't provide, can only rely on their own diligently to cultivation. The implementation of the ERP is called "the first a engineering", it shows that the enterprise decision makers in ERP implementation process of the special effects. ERP is a management system, affects the situation, not the first chief leader's participation and authorized, it is hard to mobilize global.

3. The ERP input is a systems engineering

ERP of input and output and other fixed assets equipment of input and output is, not so direct, simple and clear, may soon get into not return, see the benefits. ERP input is a systems engineering, and not be immediately obvious, it is the main implementation management thinking, this is the enterprise management of a red line. Its long-term work, and benefits, in the deepening of economic efficiency and to the management.

In addition, implement ERP also adjust measures to local conditions, and don't because of the enterprise, the concrete analysis. First of all, to the enterprise according to the specific needs of the corresponding system and not in general are in the small, or regardless of the size of the enterprise WindowsNT on, so that the long-term operation of the enterprise great harmfulness. Second, this kind of investment is not once, because of the development of the technology soon, as work thorough, the enterprise will be felt more and more of the lack of resources and, therefore, every year there should be a corresponding investment, to guarantee the health system to work.

4. The ERP implementation requires a compound talents

They should understand the computer technology, and to understand management. The current university of composite talent cultivation far can't satisfy the demand of the enterprise. The compound talents training needs a process and certain of time, but the enterprise leaders often put so much talent as a general manager, not see them as is the enterprise hard-won fortune, is one of the most important team. This and long ignored the management, the compound talents in the enterprise in the position more than market development personnel and product developers, but "auxiliary" role, not policy inclination object, this factor is the important reason for the loss caused by talents. In addition, when the enterprise ERP, these talents on the leading role, and once management into conventional, and they seem to be redundant people, it has become the inevitable rule. In talent market, the most active compound talents, those who have a vision of entrepreneurs will effort mining talents, and this also was disadvantageous to the stability of the implementation of the teams.

In short, conditions have to lose no time the earth of the enterprise ERP management system, can not only make the pure theoretical research, and to study, long investigation. Be the first to clean up the internal management basic data, selected or suitable for the development of the their companies ERP software, the condition is mature.

Six, ERP risk and prevention

Enterprise conditions no matter how is superior, the preparedness of no matter how fully, the implementation risks remain. In the ERP system implementation cycle, various factors may change at any time. How to effectively manage and control risk is to guarantee the successful ERP system implementation of one of the important link.

The ERP project risk

Usually people consider the factors in failure, generally focuses on the implementation of the analysis of the factors in the process of many, and often ignored before starting the project implementation and after the completion of the ERP system of potential risks. For the ERP project is concerned, the risk exists in the whole process of the project, including project planning, project prepared queries, implementation process and system operation. To sum up, the risk of ERP project mainly in the following aspects:

1. The lack of planning or planning is not reasonable,

2. Project prepared queries don't fully, for the performance of the hardware selection and ERP software choose wrong;

3. The implementation of process control not strictly, stage results not done;

4. Lack of effective design flow control link;

5. Implementation effect not assessment or assessment is not reasonable,

6. The system security design does not improve, there is breached the hidden trouble of the system;

7. Disaster prevention measures improper or not complete, easy to cause the system to collapse.

Risk prevention

1. The strategic planning

Enterprise whether there is a five years of IT system planning? Along with society's information, IT system for enterprise is not only a tool, but also technology. ERP as IT system is the important component of service in enterprise's long-term planning, is the long-term planning methods and guarantee. ERP goal from IT system planning, evaluation ERP system is the basic standard of success or failure, shall be based on IT system planning, clear ERP system implementation range and implement content.

2. Project prepared queries

Sure hardware and network solutions, choose ERP system and evaluation consultation partners is the stage of the three main task, also is the ERP system implementation of the three big essential factors. Hardware and network solutions directly influence the performance of the system, operation reliability and stability; ERP system function of the intensity of the enterprise needs to meet degree; Consulting partner work ability and experience the quality of the process that decided to implement and implementation effect.

3. The project implement the control

In the ERP system implementation, usually use project management technology to implement process control and management. Effective implementation of the control performance in the science of the implementation of the plan, clear stage results and strict examination results. Not only that, effective control still behave in active coordination and accessibility of information transmission channel. Implement ERP organization include: the steering committee, the project manager, the external consultants, the IT department, departments of the implementation of the group and the functional end users. Coordination and communication between departments of the quality of the process of decided to implement the work quality and efficiency. At present, in the enterprise the lack of appropriate project manager, under the condition of the risk especially clear and serious.

4. Business process control

Enterprise business flow reorganization is in the design phase of the project finished. In the process control and supervision and links in formal guarantee ERP after the operation, the business under effective control in, avoid for enterprise to suffer losses. Design control links, should take the control and efficiency. Too much control links and business process redundancy certainly will reduce work efficiency. And control links and there will be insufficient business risk of losing control.

5. Project implementation effect

Although the project evaluation is the implementation of ERP process the last tache. But this does not mean that the project evaluation is not important. Instead, project evaluation result is the direct reflection of ERP implementation effect. Correct evaluation of implementation results without clear objectives, the implementation of the objective evaluation standards and scientific evaluation method. At present there are generally ignored project evaluation. Ignore the project evaluation will bring implementation team don't care about the hidden trouble implementation results. This is what the ERP project of huge risks.

6. The system security management

System security include: operating system, network equipment limits of authority, authorized application system permissions, data access, virus prevention, illegal invasion of supervision, the tracking data changes, the safety of the data backup and archive, ZhuJiFang safety management regulations, system administrators supervision, etc. At present, the enterprise of master computer technology personnel less, computer access Internet very many. Therefore, in implementing ERP system, there are generally not value system security phenomenon. Such as: the user does not pay attention to the password confidential, super user authorized people, etc. The lack of safety consciousness is the direct consequence of safety design system in existence of the loopholes and defects. In recent years, there have been newspapers disclosure bank or enterprise computer system is breached news, it was a wake-up call to the enterprise.

7. Accident or disaster

To flood, fire, earthquake, etc irresistible natural disasters will give ERP system with devastating blow. Enterprise official opening ERP system, this kind of destruction will directly cause business transaction of disruption, brings to the enterprise theirown losses. Precautionary strategy and the response is to reduce the risk of physicians. Such as building a remote backup and recovery mechanism; In computer system can not work normally, the manual processing business recovery steps and measures.

Seven, MRPII/ERP implementation gist

In the enterprise information construction, in Ⅱ/ERP implementation MRP process, inevitably facing enterprise management mode of innovation and enterprise information network, enterprise management software standards and engineering concrete implementation.

The domestic enterprise MRP Ⅱ/ERP to use it

At present, the domestic enterprise use introduced from abroad, or based on its own, or the development of MRP Ⅱ/ERP management software, the use effect in general have 3 kinds of cases:

The first kind is: application is better, in enterprise production management play a larger role, make the ideal effect, obtained the good returns.

The second is: system development and use cycle is long, difficult, more than repeatedly, the long process of integration, just to get a good use rewarded.

The third one is: give up, dropped.

Why didn't the desired effect?

(1) some enterprise needs not clear, leadership decision-making has no real understanding Ⅱ/ERP management thoughts MRP, no specific combined with the actual situation of the enterprise to demonstrate the feasibility of MRP Ⅱ/ERP and method.

(2) some enterprise did not realize MRP Ⅱ/ERP implementation is management mode and management methods reform process, simply think that the application Ⅱ MRP/ERP system will achieve MRP Ⅱ/ERP management. In fact in the process, the computer is just a computer-aided management personnel to carry out enterprise management tool, the human factor is the first.

(3) the lack of strong support, including two aspects, on the one hand, the lack of enterprise internal leadership, management personnel and the worker's support, on the other hand, the lack of software and hardware suppliers support.

(4) the software itself, the existing problems in the management of the enterprise purchase some software are not adapted to the specific conditions of the enterprise, the workload of the secondary development, software function and integration is not strong, some from the overseas introduction of MRP Ⅱ/ERP software, localization work not doing enough.

(5) do not take the basic data work, enterprise implementation of MRP Ⅱ/ERP system, systems implementation involves to the enterprise the large amount of basic data, need to devote a great deal of human, often get attention.

6 the lack of talents, especially the lack of both understand management, and understand the computer technology compound talents. Implement MRP Ⅱ/ERP key in talents, some enterprise a serious lack of enterprise information talent, and didn't want to spend technology and management backbone into the construction of CIMS. No talent, what would be impossible. Enterprise lack of compound talents, it can not be implemented MRP Ⅱ/ERP, let alone can bring results. Enterprise must want to cultivate information talent, especially to cultivate talents.

Implementation must pay

(1) enterprise management mode change

This is because the traditional management mode is difficult to adapt to the requirements of the modern market, implement MRPII/ERP system, needs and that adapt to the enterprise management mode. The traditional management mode is according to the function to launch, and the characteristics of the structure of the organization is vertical, horizontal stratified by department, each level is a power level, each department is a closed independent kingdom. This organization structure makes the enterprise internal information acquisition, processing and transmission be scattered, repetitive, sometimes even contradictory, the poor flexibility, appear very rigid. MRPII/ERP implementation of inevitably to enterprise's division of labor, production methods, such as personnel impact.

MRPII/ERP implementation, and to realize the integrated management of enterprise organization requirements are: enterprise organization should with process as the center, and not with functional departments as the center; Enterprise departments should be parallel activities, rather than order manner; Expand with the supplier and the customer contact, customer demand to guide the management of the enterprise direction; Complete information needed to one-time gain, enterprise management is based on the above information system intensive. Of course, in the concrete implementation, according to different enterprise, relax restrictions on normal constraint, keep the enterprise management mode of the reasonable and operation habit, to specific enterprise concrete analysis.

(2) the enterprise information network

In the implementation of MRPII/ERP, construct advanced, practical, safe and reliable enterprise network system is very important, it is the foundation of information integration platform. In the construction of it into consideration to the network construction environment (enterprise department geographical location, hard software reasonable configuration, and protect the original investment, will each enterprise information islands whole network, etc), the network operating system (communication protocols of TCP/IP, incorporated with IPX/SPX, NETBEUI etc agreement), networking technology (including backbone technology, working group level and the bottom segment technology and wan interconnection technology), etc.

(3) enterprise management software of planning

Management software directly related to whether the enterprise information construction can give full play to its benefit. At present, the enterprise use management software, from the scope of management can be divided into: the single functional management, the relevant functional management and the enterprises global decision support type management three categories. The third type is the goal of our practice.

Enterprise of chosen MRPII/ERP management software, no matter from the overseas introduction, or the software localization, or entrust development, or self development, should consider:

With global, integrated ▲ and development point of view, the enterprise information is to be in the enterprise management information integration, and on the basis of overall improve the production and operation of enterprises management level and market competitiveness. Management software thoughts should have certain advanced and economics.

▲ management software level and enterprise management level and whether the enterprise hardware environment, whether the software with enterprise's pursuit of goals.

▲ management software support database of ability, if you can and Oracle, Sybase, Informix, DB2 database and other major is very good connection.

Whether the system with advanced ▲ structure.

▲ whether good service guarantee, technical support, training, etc.

▲ software quality is reliable, whether to have the success of many users, the operation is convenient, intuitive interface flexible, whether the use of advanced program development of technology, software is already did a localization work, etc.

In short, the enterprise choose MRPII/ERP system should pay attention to the system of practical, rationality, advanced, openness, reliability and economical efficiency.

(4) engineering concrete implementation

Enterprise implementation of MRPII/ERP is a systematic project, the practice showed that, we must improve the project management method, the establishment of a complete engineering project specific implementation plan, to ensure the effective implementation of MRPII/ERP. In the concrete implementation must pay attention to several problems:

▲ "overall planning, overall design" is necessary for success

Deep enterprise, investigation and research, enterprise comprehensive analysis, clear enterprise needs, and feasible solutions. Not a comprehensive solution effective scheme of enterprise information integration, cannot complete enterprise MIS system detailed design.

▲ build "a hand" project is the key factor to success

Enterprise implementation of MRPII/ERP management ideas and methods, the implementation of MRPII/ERP system is a profound management revolution, because of the enterprise, it had not done, systems implementation difficulties is very big. Facing many difficulties, only enterprise management team leadership in the further understanding of MRPII/ERP, and on the basis of "a hand" hosted by himself, participation system implementation, mobilize the staff to join in, can overcome the difficulties. Success. "A hand" engineering is not just "the first a hand" nominally, relying only on computer application personnel to promote system implementation, but for enterprise's top leader really into the system in the process of implementation. The enterprise to set up the project leadership team, the main leadership as a leading group leader, specific responsible for project leadership work. Make system overall plan, make sure the new enterprise management solution, in the process of implementing, presided over the project meeting, organization and coordination of the departments and system, the relationship between the solving system implementation of major problems appeared in, MRPII/ERP implementation as one of the main jobs of the enterprise, and awarded the department KaoHeQuan, ensure system normal "orderly" smooth implementation. "A hand" engineering is a general concept, not only the tallest leadership personal participation presided over the enterprise, but also includes the entire enterprise participation in decision-making.

▲ training enterprise software and hardware technical team, is the effective operation of the system is an important condition

In the process of MRPII/ERP implementation, the training is very important link, training throughout the whole process of work to implement, training work to stratified deepening. From content points: MRPII/ERP theory training, computer and network knowledge training, application software training, etc. From personnel points: enterprise leadership training and project the project team training, computer professional personnel training and business management personnel training.

▲ strive to do basic data, is the effective operation of the system guarantee

Effective implementation of MRPII/ERP, must put in enough manpower, pay great attention to the basic data sorted, modification and improvement. Basic data, involve and wide, such as product structure, process, equipment, and norm of various materials, equipment, and quality, finance and work center, personnel, suppliers, customers and so on. Sometimes in order to verify a data, need access to the many departments, more personal. Data to meet the format of the software requirements, and ensure the accuracy, completeness and standardization. Basic data not correct, not perfect, and not effective operation MRPII/ERP software.

▲ chosen ideal partner is the system operation of the success experience

Partners is refers to the hardware and software vendors, or technical support units, or software development unit. The good cooperation is the foundation of success. Enterprise in the system prior to the implementation of the must to inspect and choose the ideal cooperation unit. Examine the product technical strength, and performance to price, after-sale support service, ability of the spirit of cooperation and, when necessary, will examine some of their users.

And enterprise partner, must stand in the position of the enterprise, the enterprise to think, urgent enterprise are worried, not only from a business perspective to think, to is responsible earnestly, from beginning to end do technical support and service work, and the enterprise personnel all parties in close cooperation and common construction enterprise of MRPII/ERP system.

Eight, the sign of successful ERP system

ERP application is successful, the principle, from the following several aspects can measure:

1. The operation of the system integration:

This is successful ERP system in technology solutions that the most basic performance. ERP system is of enterprise logistics, cash flow, information management system of integrated software, its core management idea is the realization of "Supply Chain (Supply Chain)" management. The application of the software will span multiple department even more enterprise. In order to reach expected objectives set of application, the most basic request is system can run up and realize application integration, set up enterprise decision-making perfect data system and information sharing mechanism.

Generally speaking, if only in financial department ERP system application, can only achieve financial management standardization, improve the account receivable and capital management; Only in the sales department application, can only strengthen and improve marketing management; Only in the inventory management department application, can only help master inventory information; Only in the production department application can only auxiliary make production plan and material request plan. Only integrated integration to run, it will be possible to achieve:

To reduce the stock, and improve the utilization rate of capital and control risk management;

Control product production cost, shorten production cycle;

Improve the product quality and the percent of pass;

Reduce the amount of bad loans, such as financial bad debt.

These goals can truly achieve, will also depend on enterprise of business process reengineering implementation effect.

2. Business process rationalization:

This is the ERP system to improve management efficiency in successful reflect. ERP system is the premise of successful implementation of enterprise must be business process reengineering, therefore, ERP application success also means that enterprise business processing flow tends to be reasonable, and realized the ERP application of the following the ultimate goal:

The competitive power of enterprise have greatly enhance;

Enterprise face market response speed greatly accelerated;

Customer satisfaction improved significantly.

3. Performance monitoring dynamic:

ERP application, will provide enterprises with rich management information. How to use these information and in enterprise management and decision-making process really play a role, it is to measure the success of ERP application another sign. In the ERP system fully into actual after the operation, enterprise should according to management needs and using ERP system information resources designed a set of dynamic monitoring management performance change report system, to immediate feedback and correct the problems existing in the management. The work, it is to be in commonly ERP system implementation by the enterprise finish after the completion of the design. If you fail to use the enterprise ERP system provides the information resources established his own performance monitoring system, will mean ERP system application is not successful.

4. Management improvement continued:

With the application of ERP system and the rationalization of the enterprise business flow, the management level of the enterprise will be improved obviously. In order to measure the management level of enterprises improve degree, can be based on the management consulting company provide enterprise management evaluation index system to the management level of the enterprise comprehensive assessment. The evaluation process is not an end in itself, for enterprises to establish a can continuously evaluate themselves and constantly improve the management mechanism, is the real purpose. This is also a successful ERP application often be not taken seriously by people sign.